Organizational characteristics of 42 CrMo ring billet Figure 1 is the computer numerical simulation of the solidified tissue by the vertical centrifugal casting at the casting speed of 480 rad/s, the casting temperature of 1500℃, the outer diameter of the casting of 1000mm, the internal diameter of 360mm and the process parameters of the cast water cooling. Figure 4. As can be seen from the figure, the outer wall of the annular casting is a uniform fine isopaxial crystal region. In the interior of the casting, the grain changes from the fine isopaxial crystal to the thick columnar crystal region, and the columnar crystal is getting bigger and bigger. This is due to the alloy in the process of centrifugal casting solidification, when the metal liquid into the casting, the cooling of the wall, start knot, crystal solidification, crystalline latent heat is perpendicular to the cast wall continuous outward heat dissipation, so the metal to the setting in the solidification of centrifugal casting process, because the casting wall is cold, and the cast wall is cold, but water spraying, when high temperature metal meets low temperature casting wall, near the metal wall by strong cooling effect, produce great overcooling℃and a large number of heterogeneous core. These core in cold melt in dendite growth, due to the heat dissipation of crystallization without directional, and a lot of, core block each other continue to grow up, so near the circular casting wall area form tiny, axial crystal organization, with the increase of solidification thickness and stable solidification shell formation, grain directly, by the surface of fine axial crystal some grain for the base growth, developed from outward and internal growth of columnar crystal area. Due to the coagulation layer barrier cooling, the alloy liquid cooling speed is reduced, resulting in lower alloy solidification speed, centrifugal casting process alloy liquid is mainly controlled by the one-dimensional cooling temperature, at this time, one-way heat dissipation conditions at the solid-liquid interface, under the action of one-way heat flow, the alloy along the radial ring casting growth, thus formed in Figure 1 (b) area column. Due to the selective growth, in the development of the columnar crystal, the farther the distance from the wall, the more the unfavorable crystals are eliminated, the more concentrated the direction of the columnar crystal, and the larger the size of the grain, as shown in Figure 1 (c).
III, {rationes III}}}}} I, {in solidificatione centrifuga, in mittebat, rotating metallum liquidum subiecta radialis centrifuga et verticalis, et directa gravitas. Centrifuga est proportionalis ad radium gyrationis, et proportionalem ad quadratum angularis rotationis celeritas:
F est a M2R
Ubi F est vis centrifuga metalli liquidae; M missa metallum liquidae; Est rotating angulares velocitas de meretrum . sicut in gravitate acceleratio in gravitatis agro, in metallum liquidum erit centrifuga et in solute compositionem in solidam et liquida Phase {{III}} Sic, ut ducit ad vehementissime mutationes in alleo compositionem {{IV}} Secundum ad Macroscopic Side Equation P, in Mediocris velocitas et Macroscopic Bias
u 1
Analysis plays the main role. When its result is 1, no segregation. Due to the effect of centrifugal force, its flow speed is accelerated, when the alloy liquid flow speed v. Contrary to the solidification speed direction u, the liquid flows from the hot end of the two-phase region to the cold end, that is, from the internal flow with less solute to the root of the solute rich area, producing negative segregation, and otherwise, producing positive segregation back. In this study, under the influence of alloy elements, chromium has a strong affinity with carbon, which reduces the diffusion rate of carbon, increases the incubation period of supercooled austenite decomposition, and slows down the solidification speed, thus generating segregation.3.3 Layer segregation Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the metal liquid flow on the cast axial section. When the alloy liquid into the cast, the metal liquid in the form of the flow of axial flow, motion, namely the first layer of metal liquid ① do axial flow, due to the temperature reduction, the flow speed, small, the speed of the first stream ② flow and beyond the first flow, flow, and so on, due to the conditions of the solidification of temperature, such as temperature, speed and tissue difference, formed in the form of Concentricis annulos {{IX}}
3,4 mensuras superiores ad redigendum segregationem mensuras superiores ad redigendum tortor segregationem sunt: ① elige quod oportet casting celeritatem, ut in Liquid est
A idoneam fluxus celeritas . ② addere incubatione agens in solidificatione processus of stillosum liquorem accelerare solidificatione {{I}} ③ accipere oportet frigefaciendi modum ut quantum potestate {{IV}}
TEXTUS characteres et Macro, Seanalysis of {{I}} {{{II}} al-x mixturae micat ex centesimo {}}, {{V}} {X aeris et Macro-Segregationem ex aeris et Macrony casting were studied by metallography and electronic probe. The results show that there are two forms of isoaxial crystal and cylindrical crystal in the casting, which are distributed in the outer wall and inner wall of the casting, and distributed in the center of the casting and the area near the inner wall of the casting. In the main combination, the gold elements Cu, Ni, and Al showed slight Macroscopic segregationem per radiales et axialibus de mittentem, sed adhuc in consilio range de mixtione {{}}} Test eventus {{{}}}}}}} videri potest ex monstris, ut ex Macrycopic TEXTUS est ex Macrocopic TEXTUS ex Macrocopic TEXTUS est ex monstrandi, quod est in Macrycopic TEXTUS ex Macrocopic TEXTUS est ex eo, quod ex monstris, quod in Macrycopic TEXTUS est ex Macrocopic TEXTUS ex Macrocopic}}} Symmetrical casting; the macroscopic organization of the casting can be divided into four obviously different areas: the fine isoaxial zone of the outer wall of the casting (①, parallel to the casting (ID, coarse isoaxial zone (II) near the inner wall of the casting, IV near the end to the inner wall of the casting). The organizational characteristics of these 4 regions are shown in Table 1.
Et ratio est, quod fluxus metallum conflandum et redistribution of solute atomorum non faciam vehementissam mutationes in allymam compositionem . Secundum ad discriminant formula ex Macroscopic segregationem, conditionibus eliminating Macroscopic segregationem, conditionibus eliminantis Macroscopic segregationem, conditionibus eliminantis Macroscopic Side:
v / u / ( 1)
Cum autem sloy determinari, in mediocris velocitas liquidum fluunt in Dendrite et solidificatione velocitas mixta sunt determinari u . ad solidified et ad minime, cum in migratione et ad minorem, quod est ad minorem, quod est ad minorem, cum ad redigendum in microform minor et in monstry, et in migratione et ad minorem, quod est ad minorem, et in migratione et in migratione et in migratione, et ad minorem, quod est ad minorem, et ad minorem, quod est ad minorem, et ad minorem, et in average of liquida, cum in average ad minorem et ad minorem, et ad minorem, quod est ad minorem, quod in monstry, et in migratione et in migratione, cum in migratione et in migratione, et in migratione et in migratione et maiorem, magis ad redigendum in microform Segregationem {{I}} Centrifuga, fluxus velocitas centrifuga et vim et coridiani est plerumque accelerato, quod est inhibere inhibere macroscopic segregationem {{II}}, in hoc studium, quia pelagus aquam frigefaci, potest efficaciter, quia in taberna est aquam frigefaci, in hoc, quod est ad conflae aquam, potest efficaciter, quod est ad conflandum aquam, potest efficaciter ad conflare aquam, potest ad conflae aquam, potest, quod est ad tabescere, quod est in hoc minus, quod est in taberna, in quodammodo, quod est in taberna, in quodammodo, quod est ad conflandum aquae, potest conflae dendrite, improve alloy solidification speed, especially because the wall thickness of the casting blank (about 55mm), can effectively inhibit the melt flow, so as to eliminate or reduce the purpose of macroscopic segregation of casting.
Secundum ad requisita RCC-M, in materia pelagus Pipeline de Nuclei insula CPR1000 reactor pressurized aqua reactor nuclei potentia herba est aurei, {III} M), {{{}}}} Sevler (SCHAEFFLED DE PHARMENTA) et Mc1340 SEVLER ({{}}, et Mc1340 SEVLER SEVLER ({{}}, et Mc1340, et analyzed de causis, et Mc1340 Nam differentias in deprehendatur results of diversis modis {{}}} secundum vestibulum usus est pelagus pipeline et contentus de RCC-mm3406, in causis ad Assisting de Ferrum contentus et Mc1340, in Methody Canalis sunt, {{{}}
The disadvantage of centrifugal casting is the rotating metal liquid under the action of centrifugal force, high density of elements, organization has a larger trend to the wall (the outer surface of the centrifugal tube) deposition, and the smaller density, element and organization has a larger trend to migrate to the inner surface, this phenomenon is called centrifugal casting floating, external phenomenon, et faciet mittens compositionem segregationem, ut principalis centrifuga fistulam Austenite immaculatam casting, ipsum, NITROGENIUM, phosphoro et sulphure elementa ad supernatet in interiore superficies centrifuga et altum densitas in rc-mixtis, et ad centrifuga, . combined in centrifuga, {{0} combined in centrifuga, {{0} {Momentum et Centrifuga tubae {{0} {Momentum et Centrifuga tubae {{0} {Momentum et Centrifuga tuba, {{0} cum ad Centrifuga, et in rccc Z3CN {{{III}} M Austenite unum Ferrere immaculatam ferro, inter ipsum, NITROGENIUM, phosphoro, sulphuris et elementa densitas longe inferior quam ferrum processus (naturalis migratio, ut carboni, NITROGENIUM PRINCIPIO Metal Metro, ut Carbon, NITROGENIUM PHOSPHORIUS MARMAE ALIQUAM ELENDING Centrifuga, PHOSPHORIUS ELEMENTUM ELENDES ELEMENTUM ELENTS ELENTS ESTRIFORENTUM, PHOSPHORUS et alias Elementa Element De interiore superficiem, {{{}} duo coetibus test exempla sunt electus in Tabula II, et NITROGENIUM contentus fuit determinari per spectroscopic modum {VI}}}, {et ostensum est in III}
Potest videri a metallography et Schevler tabula et Delong tabula ex eo quod ipsum et NITROGENIUM sunt maxime influential elementa, quod promovere formationem vel stabilization of austenite {{{}} {{{}}, quod est ad incrementum Formula, quod est in Formula centrifugal tube from the inner wall to the outer wall is the increase of carbon and nitrogen from the outer surface to the inner surface and the internal floating and sedimentation of the centrifugal tube casting.2.3 Control of centrifugal casting components In industrial production, centrifugal casting components is often used to manufacture castings with gradient properties, such as metal composite castings with high IV}}}}} in interiore superficiem gerunt praeter post, postquam centrifuga, aqua imbre celeri refrigerationem (fistulam contentus est ad centrifuga et in I / IV de interiore, I / IV et I / IV Et exteriori superficies Yangjiang I unit {{}}} et deprehensio punctum ostensum est in Figura VI, et eventus ostenditur in mensa {{{}}, ut ex mava, et Delong aquam in muro externa, {{{{}} (III) quod videri potest ex more {{{} (III), quod videri potest ex more {{{} (III) quod videri potest a Metallography et Delong Delong, NITROGENIUM EXTRICTUM {{{}} (III), quod videri poterit, quod est similis carbonis Promovet formatio Austenite aut firmum Austenite elementa {{XX}} in compositionem analysis et imperium de principalis centrifuga tubo fornacis, in praeter occurrens in Ferrite, {{}} (IV, cum austenite immaculata et in fistulam est in Steel Centrifuge cast, the high temperature metal liquid is solidified by centrifugal force. Because the density of nitrogen and carbon is far lower than iron, it tends to migrate to the inner wall of the centrifuge tube, which leads to the segregation of ferite content due to the segregation of components. The method to control the composition and tissue segregation of the austenite-ferrite immaculatam ferro centrifuge tubo est aquarum refrigeravit centrifugacionem {{XXX}}} simul, centrifuga mittentes ad rationem compositionis segregationem, quae potest producere specialis products et castings cum perficientur {{XXXI}}}
